نشریه مطالعات تاریخی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 24 (زمستان 1401)

The Husseinis are a group of descendants of Imam Hussein (AS) who migrated to Egypt in the third century. Considering the fact that the Hosseini were one of the Bani Hashem tribes in Hejaz, why their presence in Egypt and their position in the governments is a question that has been addressed in this article. The Hosseinis went to Egypt for various reasons, such as intra-family disputes, giving them fiefdoms, and the presence of governments such as the Fatimids, and obtained political positions such as niqab, lawyer, military judge, and academic positions such as teachers of schools and mosques. The social position of the Husseinis in Egypt caused one of the most important districts of Cairo to be named after them, because of this position, people other than this family who lived in this area were also called Husseinis. The importance of this area led to the settlement of the Mamluk government and military forces in it. In addition, Hosseinieh neighborhood was also an economic place for buying and selling slaves. This neighborhood was destroyed by the year 821 for various reasons, the most important of which can be considered the moral changes in this area due to the presence of the Uiratis.

With the discovery of oil in the Naftun field in 1908/1287, the migration of labor from abroad and inside to the oil-rich area of ​​Masjid Suleiman was provided. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which was in charge of Iran's oil industry, set up temporary shelters in the form of labor complexes to house the workforce. The directors of this company, after confirming the volume of oil reserves in the region, hired designers and architects who had experience in building houses in England and India, and started building corporate houses for British senior managers, employees and workers, which resulted in row or lane bungalows and houses. With the construction of these houses, the western architecture model became popular in the houses of Masjid Suleiman Oil Company. The upcoming research, by combining the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources and new documents and research, seeks to find an answer to this question, what role did the oil industry play in the design and architecture of residential houses of the oil company? The findings of the research indicate that Masjid Sulaiman City Company owes its existence, formation and development to the discovery of oil and the construction and urban planning measures of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The designers and architects of British and Iranian Oil Company, considering the climate and combining traditional and western architecture, created an eclectic style that is unique in the history of contemporary Iranian architecture. They used this style of architecture in the construction of corporate houses in Masjid Suleiman. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the design and architecture of Masjid Suleiman Oil Company's houses from the beginning to the nationalization of the oil industry.

The theory of the Hazara people being Mongolian after the ambiguities that arose regarding the race and origin of the Hazara people, led to the beginning of extensive research to clarify the racial origins of this people. Based on this, researchers have expressed different theories about Hazaras being Mongols. The main question of the upcoming research is to what extent the Mongols were involved in the formation of the origin and racial origin of the Hazara people? In the seventh century A.H. After the invasion of the Mongol armies to the Ghor or Hazara Jat areas, and then during the process of settlement and blood mixing with the native people of these areas, a new tribe called the Hazara emerged. This research is qualitative and with a descriptive-analytical method and using the collected library data aims to clarify the race of the Hazara people and the relationship between their racial origin and the Mongols. The findings of the research show that in the area of ​​race and rooting of the Hazara people, the mentioned people are of the yellow race with obvious physical and cultural similarities and have a long-standing racial relationship with the Mongols.

Analyzing the opinions of Orientalists about Abdullah bin Saba, from the perspective of historical analysis, is of particular importance. The problem of this research is to examine and analyze the thoughts of Orientalists regarding Abdullah bin Saba in terms of his external and hypothetical existence. This research has been done with the motive of knowing the views of the Orientalists about Abdullah bin Saba' regarding its real existence or non-existence, and achievement this goal is possible by describing and explaining the role and performance of Abdullah bin Saba, by collecting library data and using a descriptive-Analytical method. The output of this research was to examine the opinions of Orientalists in terms of the real existence or non-existence of Ibn Saba. From the analysis point of view, due to the access of most Orientalists to Sunni sources, lack of sufficient knowledge of Shia sources and thoughts, the fact that the majority of Muslims in the Islamic world are Sunni, has strengthened the opinions of Sunni scholars in the perspective and studies of Orientalists towards Abdullah bin Saba.

One of the prominent aspects of Afghanistan's contemporary history is the emergence of widespread crises, especially in recent decades, which is the result of numerous internal and mostly external factors. This article aims to investigate the role of orientalist discourse in the production and spread of these crises with a descriptive analytical method combined with interpretation. The results of the research show that Orientalism, often due to its colonial and racist nature, has tried to create all kinds of crises in countries under the influence of the West in order to prepare the context for the exploitation of these countries by the domination system. Of course, some orientalists are exceptions to the rule and have engaged in special activities in these regions with other motives. Orientalists have been the main cause of the crisis in Afghanistan by creating all kinds of crises and fueling conflicts between social groups (ethnic-religious) and political elites. Based on this, it can be said that orientalism is the main cause of creating and expanding the crisis in different cultural, political and social levels and layers in this country.

In the first era of the Abbasid caliphate, concubines were found in abundance in the houses of caliphs, nobles and other classes of society. They were a group that were captured through trade and buying and selling or captivity in wars and sudden attacks and other ways. Often, the treatment of this class was accepted by everyone and was accepted in the society. Sometimes they were bought and sold like goods, and sometimes they were given to each other as gifts, each of them had a price that was according to their beauty, talent and art. Some of these maids were singers, musicians, hairdressers, nurses, or politicians. Therefore, the education and training of slave girls was given attention because it increased their price and value, in fact, the education and training of slave girls became one of the most profitable jobs. This article aims to answer the main question by examining the education status of slave girls in the first Abbasid era (132-232 A.H.): How was the education of slave girls in the Abbasid era? The findings of this research show that the education and training of slave girls in this period Was also in line with specific goals such as: selling pride to others in debates, achieving great wealth, physical acquisition and most importantly, taking control of the narrative command from the caliphs for their owners, etc.

The present article examines the hidden themes in the historiography of medieval Iran. The purpose of writing this article is to answer these three questions: What are the hidden themes? How can the existence of hidden themes in traditional Iranian historiography be proven? What are the different examples of hidden themes in the historical books of medieval Iran? The hidden themes are hidden and implied by traditional historians in historical texts. Analysis of the content of historical texts shows that traditional historians sometimes conveyed messages to readers through hidden themes. Although attention to hidden themes can provide a better understanding of the content of historical texts and the functions of traditional historiography, this topic has not been much considered by researchers. Therefore, in the present article, the historical books of the Samanid period up to the Mongol invasion have been selected to show how historians communicated with their audiences through hidden themes in these works. The findings suggest that historians have implicitly conveyed messages to readers through hidden themes, depending on their intentions. These messages are mostly about teaching things like proper governance practices,, event analysis, and genealogy.Keywords: Hidden Themes, Traditional Iran Historiography, historiography of medieval Iran, Historians, Message Transmission.